![]() ![]() Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 2014). ![]() Many essential plant oils appear on the list of compounds that require no registration by the U.S. This led us to examine compounds, including essential oils, for their fumigation action on bed bugs. 2014) have shown that solvents vapors can be effective as fumigants to kill bed bugs, indicating this insect may be easier to control by fumigation, particularly in smaller spaces, than by other means. In an unpublished study we found Cirkil, as well as several other chemicals including 70% ethanol:water, to be quite efficacious against bed bugs when used as fumigants in Petri dish assays. Because Cirkil is a neem-based product, it is available to the general public over-the-counter. A relatively recent addition to the bed bug treatment market is Cirkil ®, a neem-based liquid product (Terramera Vancouver, BC) that can be sprayed ( Grossman 2014) and also used as a fumigant in sealed trash bags to treat potentially infested items that are not amenable to liquid treatments (see ). Rather, sulfuryl fluoride must be obtained by a certified (licensed) pesticide applicator and applied by either a certified pesticide applicator or someone under the direct supervision of one. However, the fumigant is a restricted-use product that is not available to the general public. Fumigants such as sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane ®, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) are also effective against bed bugs ( Miller and Fisher 2008, Phillips et al. Of the nonchemical methods, heat has been used successfully and has the advantage of being able to treat articles such as books and other household items that may not be amenable to a liquid spray ( Kells and Goblirsch 2011, Peirera et al. A variety of chemical and nonchemical means have been employed to control bed bugs ( Doggett et al. The bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., is a blood-sucking pest of humans that has proven difficult to control ( Pinto et al.
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